Understanding the connection between eczema, asthma, and allergies
Are eczema, asthma, and allergies related? The resounding answer is yes! If you suffer from eczema, there’s a higher likelihood of also dealing with asthma and allergies. This trio of conditions is what experts call the “atopic triad,” and the progression through developing these conditions is known as the “atopic march.”
Let’s break that down:
Atopic refers to a set of allergic conditions that have a genetic basis. And triad means three.
Atopic March refers to the progression of allergic conditions that follow an order.
Eczema is usually the first allergic condition to occur and often appears in infancy (but not always). Allergies (food and nasal) and asthma are the next steps in the atopic march.
Just because someone has eczema, they won’t necessarily go on to develop asthma and allergies, as not all people who live with eczema live with allergies and asthma, but many do.
Toronto-based dermatologist Dr. Aaron Drucker sheds light on the atopic triad and the atopic march, guiding us through the typical sequence in which these conditions unfold in an individual. “Scientists hypothesized that skin barrier damage from eczema could lead to the immune system coming in contact with allergens through the skin, which then makes patients prone to reactions in the lungs and digestive systems. This concept of progressing from eczema to other atopic conditions has a lot of evidence to support it. Still, it doesn’t apply to everyone: not everyone with eczema gets allergies or asthma, and if they do have multiple atopic conditions, they don’t always develop them in that order.”
The natural history of the atopic march tends to begin with dry skin, progress to atopic dermatitis, and follows this course:
Dr. Drucker explains, “Comorbidities are conditions that exist together within the same person. These can be studied by looking at what conditions tend to cluster together in people. Aside from the known atopic comorbidities like allergies and asthma, others that have been associated with eczema include mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.”
Living with eczema and related atopic conditions can be a tough challenge. ESC volunteer Tanya shares her insightful journey, offering a glimpse into the complexities of dealing with interconnectedness conditions.
“I fall into the comorbidity category, facing challenges with peanut allergies, seasonal allergies, and contact dermatitis triggered by various foods. Similarly, my son shares these health concerns, dealing with asthma and allergies in addition to eczema.”
She tells their experience: “Both of us had eczema during infancy, and as time passed, he developed asthma later on. It’s interesting how our health journeys unfolded. Then, his allergies and asthma manifested around the same time when he was three, but the eczema was the initial concern.”
Tanya emphasizes the importance of vigilance for caregivers: “Since my kids were born, I’ve watched for any signs or symptoms. Because my son had eczema, I was more mindful of his interactions with certain foods. I consistently monitored his response to foods, anticipating the outcomes—what suits him, what triggers hives. My awareness and observation were heightened.”
Tanya offers valuable advice: “I recommend that caregivers with a child suffering from eczema remain diligent in monitoring their diet and identifying potential allergy triggers.”
Navigating the intricate web of eczema, asthma, and allergies requires understanding the atopic triad and the atopic march and a keen awareness of comorbidities. Tanya’s journey is a beacon, shedding light on the challenges and insights accompanying this trio of conditions.
Eczema Society of Canada thanks Dr. Aaron Drucker, MD, FRCPC for his volunteer contribution to this educational content. ESC appreciates Tanya for sharing her eczema experience.
Disclaimer: Information provided in this resource does not constitute medical advice and is not intended to be used as a diagnostic tool. The information is up-to-date at time of publication. All medications, interventions, and treatment plans have risks and benefits, and it is important that individuals discuss their or their child’s specific health care needs with a qualified health care professional.
January 2024
